TB-500 (thymosin beta-4)
Beta-4 thymosin, or TB-500, is a synthetic version of a naturally occurring peptide of 43 amino acids, which is present in almost all human and animal cells studied.
Research conducted in 2010 in the Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences confirmed the potential of TB500 to restore the heart muscle after trauma, such as after a myocardial infarction (heart attack). Acknowledging the limitations of stem cell therapy for this application, it was found that TB500 inhibits the death of myocardial cells, stimulates the growth of blood vessels, and activates cardiac processes that stimulate heart healing after trauma. The study showed that TB500 may be the first agent that can actively restore damaged heart muscle after a heart attack. This is also confirmed by the results of previous studies on mice conducted in 2004, which showed cardiomyocyte migration, survival and recovery of damaged myocardium.
Filamentous actin (F-actin or actin) forms polymers that thicken sputum, negatively affecting patients with cystic fibrosis. TB500 was studied in a population of patients with CF, demonstrating a dose- and time-dependent decrease in the cohesiveness of sputum after the introduction of TB500 in combination with dornase alfa. Combination therapy showed an improvement in mucociliary transport of mucus by 71% and improvement of cough mucus transport by 44%.
TB500 is known to stimulate myoblasts and myocytes (cells that generate muscle). Mitochondrial RNA levels of TB500 have been shown to increase after muscle damage, promoting the regeneration of muscle fibers and eliminating inflammation at the damaged site. The data confirm that muscle damage causes an increase in local production of TB500, promoting the migration of incoming myoblasts to accelerate skeletal regeneration muscles.
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